Essay Exercise Therapy for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes – Review Writing – Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Introduction

To achieve good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, an adequate exercise therapy is required. The meta-analyses reported that high-intensity training ameliorates metabolic parameters in individuals at risk of or with type 2 diabetes, and that low physical activity (PA) doubles an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes as compared with high PA [1, 2]. Here, we would introduce literatures about effects of PA on mortality, cardiovascular events, and metabolic parameters, to encourage understanding of exercise therapy, and then describe how to prescribe exercise therapy for patients with diabetes. We also present the effects of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), which is the energy expenditure of all physical activities other than volitional sporting-like exercise, on metabolic parameters, in patients with diabetes and pre- diabetes, by using our previous studies.

Types of Exercise

The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) defines aerobic exercise as any activity that uses large muscle groups, can be maintained continuously and is rhythmic in nature. Muscles activated by aerobic exercise rely on aerobic metabolism to extract energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from amino acids, carbohydrates and fatty acids. Aerobic exercises include cycling, dancing, jogging, swimming and walking. Resistance exercise is included in anaerobic exercise defined by the ACSM as intense PA of very short duration, fueled by the energy sources within the contracting muscles and independent of the use of inhaled oxygen as an energy source [5]. Without the use of oxygen, ATP is produced by anaerobic glycolysis. Resistance training causes the muscles to contract against an external resistance with the expectation of increases in strength, tone, mass, and/or endurance, and includes power-lifting, training using dumbbells and barbells. The systematic review and meta-analysis showed that resistance training improved measures of balance and muscle strength/power even in older adults

Purpose :
-Best available evidence when coupled with clinician expertise and the preference and values of the person receiving health care is the basis for evidence based diabetes practice.  Clinical expertise is informed and developed through clinical experience, familiarity with the best available research and reflection on one’s professional practice.  Knowing how to source and apply the best available evidence to answer a clinical question is integral to diabetes professional practice.   When there is an identified gap in knowledge and evidence in relation to the clinical search, research is undertaken. Hence both research and evidence based practice require health care providers to have the knowledge and skills in asking a focused question (asking a sensitive and specific question), knowing how to efficiently search for relevant information from the abundance of literature available and appraise the quality of information retrieved.  The purpose of this assessment is to provide students the opportunity to develop and demonstrate skills and knowledge in relation to research and evidence based practice by sourcing, appraising and applying the best available
evidence to answer a health related or clinical question.