Assignment Task
In this essay I will be discussing the extent to which recent terrorist attacks in Mozambique threaten the Southern African Development Community’s security (SADC) as a region. Terrorists are people who uses unlawful violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. The SADC is a regional economic community comprising 16 member states and it is committed to regional integration and poverty eradication with Southern Africa through economic development and ensuring peace and security.
During the recent terrorist attacks leaders of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) reaffirmed their solidarity with Mozambique, saying they will continue with efforts to address terrorism in that country. The regional body of 16 countries held a Double Troika Summit of Heads of State and Government in Mozambique’s capital of Maputo to discuss the growing terrorism and instability in Cabo Delgado province in northern Mozambique.
The leaders unanimously agreed in a communiqué that they will ensure that lasting peace and security prevails in Mozambique, saying instability in Mozambique is also a threat to the SADC region. In late March, an armed militant group believed to be affiliated with the Islamic State terrorist group attacked the coastal town of Palma in Cabo Delgado near the border with Tanzania, killing dozens and injuring scores of others. The armed group, locally known as al-Shabaab but with no established links to the armed militant group in Somalia, has wreaked havoc in northern Mozambique since late 2017, killing hundreds, displacing communities and capturing towns.
“While the SADC region remains stable and generally peaceful, terrorism continues to be a serious threat that requires urgent, concrete and decisive attention,” the SADC’s Executive Secretary, Stergomena Lawrence Tax, said in her remarks.
Islamic terrorism has been a serious threat for Eastern and Southern Africa since the 1990s. Many of these African countries have developed different forms of struggle against Islamic terrorism, from a military intervention to social policies, in order to improve the general socio-economic conditions for society as a whole. In Mozambique, no specific measure was adopted to cope the diffusion of terrorism, leaving that radicalized forms of Islamism spread in particular in Cabo Delgado, a Northern Province bordering with Tanzania.
Research aimed at approaching Islamic terrorism in Cabo Delgado according to the strategy of risk prevention and risk management by Mozambican State. This study demonstrates that during the second term of Guebuza as a Chief of State, Mozambique had to face three different, potential threats. Nevertheless, Mozambican government identified two of these threats as a priority (namely Somali piracy in Mozambique Channel and Renamo s action), neglecting possible Islamic terrorist attacks in Cabo Delgado Province.
This study demonstrates–using privileged witnesses as well as open sources available in the public sphere-that this choice was typical of a fragile and authoritarian State. Firstly, it was not based on an objective risk analysis, but on political as well as on patrimonial interests of political elite, and secondly local civil society could not oppose any resistance. This choice allowed radical Islamic groups to grow undisturbed in Cabo Delgado, until carrying out violent attacks from October 2017, which Mozambican government seems unable to counter until today.
The republic of Mozambique since 2017 has witnessed a rise in terrorist attacks. The country witnessed its first attack on 5th October 2017 in a small town in the Cabo Delgado province of Mozambique. Since then there have been several attacks by insurgent groups linked to Islamic State that have also spread to other districts posing a major security threat to the country and the region. The fight is mainly between the militants to establish an Islamic state in the region, and the targets have mainly been the civilians. The recent attacks by Islamic insurgents on 24th March 2021, in Palma is still the most serious and deadly since 2017.
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