Essay MBY2522 – Immune Response to Vaccines – Microbiology Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Introduction

According to Brunton, (2016), immunology deals with the study of the immune system, how our body detects and defends against potential threats caused by harmful microbes such as bacteria and viruses, etc. Vaccines are specially prepared for use as to provide immunity to infections, thus putting the body at minimal risk from damage by a particular disease (Goodman and Gilman, 2012).

Vaccination stimulates the body’s ability to recognize threats and start to build up lymphocytes and antibodies which triggers the production of antigens which will induce
immunity, therefore helping the immune systems to contain or neutralize an infection (Johnson, 2020). The production of antigens in response to threats is either through the innate or adaptive immunity.

What are clinical trials?

A clinical trial is a scientific research used to assess and improve the safety, effectiveness and reliability of different treatments or vaccines (Hardy, 2015). According to Lloyd, (2017), trials are necessary to modify the quality of medicine and thus help improve the health of patients.

What do we need to measure during clinical trials?

The accuracy of clinical measurements ensures the validity of reports made at the end of trials. The following are summarized measures that must be reported during trials, according to Mathewson, (2011).
• Measure the trial size. The number of participants in trials ought to be measured and recorded as to keep evidence of a trial and for scientific report purposes.

• Measure the dosing interval. The time at which a treatment is taken and how long it took for it to be effective is important, this enables specialists to prescribe the right time and conditions for patients in-order to take the vaccine and when not to take it.

• Level of O 2 in the blood. An Oxygen level that is lower or above normal is a sign indicating a breathing or blood circulation problem. Patients with such medical conditions may not be allowed to undergo some trials as they may be announced unfit.