Essay Biostatistical Methods – CC-CPR Course – Research Writing Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

1. Recent research has shown that even people with cancer should benefit from quitting smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) supply nicotine without the tar, carbon monoxide and other harmful ingredients, suggesting they may represent a stepping-stone to quitting. In a recent study, published in Cancer in 2014, a number of smoking cancer patients were enrolled in a tobacco treatment program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering. Between 6 and 12 months after enrollment, researchers collected data on attempts the patients had made to quit smoking. A summary of the data is given below: 

(a) What type of study is this? Why was this design chosen? 

(b) What would you estimate as the proportions of patients that attempted to quit while using e-cigarettes or not (separately)? 

(c) Carry out an appropriate analysis and provide a brief statistical report on the comparison of the rates of quit attempts for e-cigarette users and non-e-cigarette users. 

(d) What other factors may impact someone’s attempt to quit smoking? Could this information be collected and taken into account in an analysis? 

2. The file “numbats.txt” contains the results of a study into the numbat population in WA. As part of the study, two different types of cameras were trialed. The number of numbats detected in different regions of WA were recorded at two different times of the year. Provide appropriate numerical and visual summaries of the data which you might use in a presentation to discuss numbat detections in WA. Comment on what (if any) patterns appear to be indicated by the summaries but do not carry out any formal analyses. 

3.  The table below shows, by age group, the deaths in North Dakota during 2000 as well as the population of North Dakota and the US for the same period. 

a) What is the overall death rate for North Dakota in 2000? 

b) Use a direct adjustment to calculate the age-adjusted death rate for North Dakota. 

4. A study published in 2003 looked at the effectiveness of CPR training in people over 55yrs old. Researchers compared the skill retention rates of people who completed a course in traditional CPR training with those who received chest-compression only CPR training (CC-CPR). The results obtained are in the table below: 

(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected person was not rated competent or was enrolled in CC-CPR? 

(b) What is the probability that a randomly selected person was not rated competent given that they were enrolled in the CC-CPR course? 

5. In a certain population, 6% of women have had breast cancer, 30% drink alcohol and 5% have had breast cancer and drink alcohol. What is the probability that a woman selected at random from this population has had breast cancer or drinks alcohol or both?